R: IHACRES Catchment Moisture Deficit (CMD) model

IHACRES.CMD.model {hydromad}

R Documentation

IHACRES Catchment Moisture Deficit (CMD) model

Description

The Catchment Moisture Deficit (CMD) effective rainfall model for IHACRES. It is a conceptual-type model, where input rainfall is partitioned explicitly into drainage, evapo-transpiration, and changes in catchment moisture.

Usage

cmd.sim(DATA, f, e, d, shape = 0,
        M_0 = d/2, return_state = FALSE)

Arguments

`DATA`	a `ts`-like object with named columns: `P` time series of areal rainfall depths, usually in mm. `E` time series of potential evapo-transpiration, or more typically, temperature as an indicator of this.
`f`	CMD stress threshold as a proportion of `d`.
`e`	temperature to PET conversion factor.
`d`	CMD threshold for producing flow.
`shape`	defines form of the dU/dP relationship: `shape = 0` is the linear form, `shape = 1` is the trigonometric form, and `shape > 1` is the power form.
`M_0`	starting CMD value.
`return_state`	to return state variables as well as the effective rainfall.

Details

The mass balance step is:

M[t] = M[t-1] - P[t] + E_T[t] + U[t]

where M represents catchment moisture deficit (CMD), constrained below by 0 (the nominal fully saturated level). P is catchment areal rainfall, E_T is evapo-transpiration, and U is drainage (effective rainfall). All are, typically, in units of mm per time step.

Rainfall effectiveness (i.e. drainage proportion) is a simple instantaneous function of the CMD, with a threshold at M = d. In the default linear form this is:

dU/dP = 1 - min(1, M/d)

The trigonometric form is

dU/dP = 1 - min(1, sin^2(pi M / 2d))

The power form is

dU/dP = 1 - min(1, (M/d)^b)

The actual drainage each time step involves the integral of these relations.

Evapo-transpiration is also a simple function of the CMD, with a threshold at M = f * d:

E_T[t] = e E[t] \min(1, \exp(2(1 - M_f / (fd))))

Note that the evapo-transpiration calculation is based on M_f, which is the CMD after precipitation and drainage have been accounted for.

Value

cmd.sim returns the modelled time series of effective rainfall, or if return_state = TRUE, a multi-variate time series with named columns U (effective rainfall), CMD and ET (evapo-transpiration E_T).

Note

Normally compiled C code is used for simulation, but if return_state = TRUE a slower implementation in R is used.

Author(s)

Felix Andrews felix@nfrac.org

References

Croke, B.F.W. and A.J. Jakeman (2004), A Catchment Moisture Deficit module for the IHACRES rainfall-runoff model, Environmental Modelling and Software, 19(1): 1-5.

Croke, B.F.W. and A.J. Jakeman (2005), Corrigendum to “A Catchment Moisture Deficit module for the IHACRES rainfall-runoff model” [Environ. Model. Softw. 19 (1) (2004) 1-5], Environmental Modelling and Software, 20(7): 977.

Examples

## view default parameter ranges:
str(hydromad.options("cmd"))

data(Canning)
x <- cmd.sim(Canning[1:1000,], d = 200, f = 0.7, e = 0.166,
             return_state = TRUE)
xyplot(x)

data(HydroTestData)
mod0 <- hydromad(HydroTestData, sma = "cmd", routing = "expuh")
mod0

## simulate with some arbitrary parameter values
mod1 <- update(mod0, d = 200, f = 0.5, e = 0.1, tau_s = 10)

## plot results with state variables
testQ <- predict(mod1, return_state = TRUE)
xyplot(cbind(HydroTestData[,1:2], cmd = testQ))

## show effect of increase/decrease in each parameter
parlist <- list(d = c(50, 550), f = c(0.01, 3),
                e = c(0.01, 1.5))
parsims <- mapply(val = parlist, nm = names(parlist),
  FUN = function(val, nm) {
    lopar <- min(val)
    hipar <- max(val)
    names(lopar) <- names(hipar) <- nm
    fitted(runlist(decrease = update(mod1, newpars = lopar),
                   increase = update(mod1, newpars = hipar)))
  }, SIMPLIFY = FALSE)

xyplot.list(parsims, superpose = TRUE, layout = c(1,NA),
            main = "Simple parameter perturbation example") +
  layer(panel.lines(fitted(mod1), col = "grey", lwd = 2))

[Package hydromad version 0.9-18 Index]